In addition, the population activity of SC neurons with central RFs can discriminate face-like patterns from nonface patterns as early as 50 ms after the stimulus onset. Furthermore, SC neurons with central receptive fields (RFs) were more selective to face-like patterns. Here, we show that SC neurons respond stronger and faster to upright and inverted face-like patterns compared to the responses to nonface patterns, regardless of contrast polarity and contour shapes. To test this hypothesis, we examined the responsiveness of monkey SC neurons to first-order information of faces required for face detection (basic spatial layout of facial features including eyes, nose, and mouth), by analyzing neuronal responses to line drawing images of: (1) face-like patterns with contours and properly placed facial features (2) non-face patterns including face contours only and (3) nonface random patterns with contours and randomly placed face features. We hypothesized that the superior colliculus (SC) that receives direct and indirect retinal visual inputs may serve as an innate rapid face-detection system in primates. However, in primates, the visual area responsible for this process is yet to be unraveled. It has been proposed that an innate and rapid face detection system is present at birth before the cortical visual pathway is developed in many species, including primates. Human babies respond preferentially to faces or face-like images. 3Laboratory of Neuroscience and Behavior, CEUMA University, São Luis, Brazil.2Primate Center and Laboratory of Neurosciences and Behavior, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil.1System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.Maior 2 Carlos Tomaz 3 Taketoshi Ono 1 Hisao Nishijo 1* How can this not be the main agenda?” Tharoor told Reuters news agency.Quang Van Le 1† Quan Van Le 1† Hiroshi Nishimaru 1 Jumpei Matsumoto 1 Yusaku Takamura 1 Etsuro Hori 1 Rafael S. “Everyone knows that Manipur has witnessed horrendous loss of lives in violence, sexual assault and displacement. Shashi Tharoor, a leader of the main opposition Congress party, said the government must invest time in answering questions about Manipur. The violence in Manipur began on May 3 after a court ordered the state government to consider extending special economic benefits and quotas in government jobs and education enjoyed by the tribal Kuki-Zo people – who are mainly Christian – to the majority Hindu Meitei population as well. The government has offered a statement from Home Minister Amit Shah, saying internal security is his ministry’s responsibility. Opposition parties have, however, disrupted the monsoon session of parliament which began last week, to demand a detailed statement by Modi on Manipur in parliament, followed by a debate.Īs head of the government, he will have to respond to the no-confidence motion before it is put to vote. Modi condemned the mass assault as “shameful” and promised tough action against the perpetrators. Modi had not commented in public about the violence until last week, when videos showing two women being paraded naked and assaulted by a mob in Manipur surfaced, sparking national outrage. The ethnic tensions in the small state of 3.2 million people are seen as a security and political failure by Modi’s government, which will face a national election by May 2024. The prime minister has to come to the parliament and make the statement. “The prime minister is not ready to make a statement. Kodikunnil Suresh, a Congress legislator, said Modi is ignoring the opposition’s longstanding demand of an appearance in parliament. are exercised with the sole objective of a long-duration discussion on an important issue and to compel the prime minister of India to come to parliament and respond to the issues raised by the people and the members,” he said, according to a statement shared by his party on Twitter. Raghav Chadha of the Aam Aadmi Party, one of the members of the opposition coalition, said: “In India’s parliamentary history, critical instruments of debate, dialogue and discussion within parliament are exercised… regardless of the outcome”.
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